Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam

MILITANSI YANG RELIGIUS: AKTIVITAS DAN PERANAN TAREKAT BEKTASIYAH DI KERAJAAN OTTOMAN, 1300-1800

Muhammad Aldiansyah — 2024-06-30

This article will explain about the history of the Bektasiyah order, which played an important role in the spiritual axis of the Ottoman warriors from 1300 to 1800. This order was able to give the soldiers a high level of jihad militancy to fight against the sultan's enemies and to expand the empire's territory. Balim Sultan, who was close to Bayezid II, succeeded in institutionalizing the Bektasiyah order into a structured tarekat and emphasized the systematic tarekat tradition. The Bektasiyah Order has its own hierarchy for each follower of the Haci Bektas teachings and each level has a certain role as a dedication to the tarekat. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the Bektasiyah order more deeply related to basic matters such as its role, spiritual teachings, and its relation to the Ottomans. The method used when conducting this research is using historical research methods and library research. In the 13th century AD, the Bektasiyah Order experienced an increase in followers from time to time, even though the teachings taught were antinomian and different from Islamic teachings in general. When entering the modern era, this tarekat experienced difficult times due to the policy of sultan Selim III regarding the elimination of Yanisari soldiers because Yanisari soldiers who were also followers of the Bektasiyah order tended to interfere more in royal political issues and no longer had a solid religious foundation.

THE EAST HINDIA COMPANY'S TRADE AND THE MOESLIM ECONOMY IN THE MUGHAL SULTANATE OF INDIA, 1610-1630 AD

Dudung Abdurrahman — 2024-06-30

The Mughal Sultanate was one of the great Islamic sultanates in the classical Islamic era, the Mughal contribution to Islamic civilization in India was very large in terms of politics, culture, architecture, and economy. In the economic field, the Mughals had been independent before the arrival of the EIC in the sultanate in 1610, the Mughals had exported a lot of their agricultural and mining products to both Asia and Europe by cooperating with Muslim merchants, as well as land rulers both Muslim and Hindu. The arrival of EIC in the Mughal Sultanate changed the existing economic order because EIC in smoothing its business often entered into contracts with landlords and bribes with the Mughal apparatus it had significant implications for the development of the Islamic economy in the Mughal Sultanate. EIC also played a monopoly in India and outside India, resulting in the death of the Islamic economy. Eventually, many Muslim merchants and landlords turned to EIC for the sake of their business.

SEJARAH PEMERINTAHAN MARGA PEGAGAN ILIR SUKU II DI DESA SUNGAI PINANG

Devin Jane Putri — 2024-06-30

Clan rule has existed in South Sumatra since the time of the Palembang Sultanate. Then in the 19th century, the clan developed, marked by the existence of several clans, one of which was the Pegagan Ilir Tribe II clan in Sungai Pinang Village. However, based on the Decree of the Governor of South Sumatra in 1983, the clan system was abolished and then replaced with villages. This research aims to review the history of the Pegagan Ilir Suku II clan which was abolished. The method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and literature. The Tribe II clan was founded when the Dutch came to the Palembang area. This clan was founded in 1860 AD, based in Sungai Pinang Village 1. The leader of the Pegagan Ilir Suku II clan was a Pasirah who was directly elected by the community. The most famous Pasirah was Abdul Cholik, then after his reign it was continued by Haji Malian, namely his son and then continued by his son Haji Muhammad Noer. The development of religion and education in the Pegagan Ilir Tribe II clan is also very good. The conclusion of this research is that the Pegagan Ilir Tribe II clan is a government system led by Pasirah who ruled very well, where during the reign of this Pasirah, Sungai Pinang Village developed both from a religious and educational perspective.

PERANAN SYEKH ARSYAD DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN TAREKAT NAQSYABANDIYAH KHALIDIYAH DI BATUHAMPAR (1899-1924)

Miftahul Khairani Putri — 2024-06-30

Tulisan ini menjawab permasalahan tentang peranan Syekh Arsyad di nagari Batuhampar dalam mengembangkan tarekat Naqsabandiyah dari tahun 1889-1924. Penelitian ini berisi asal mula tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di nagari Batuhampar oleh Syekh Abdurrahman dan kemudian dikembangkan oleh anaknya Syekh Arsyad. Penelitian ini dianggap penting agar pembaca mengetahui kejayaan nagari Batuhampar di bidang pendidikan agama islam khususnya tarekat Naqsyabandiyah memlalui tokoh ulama di Batuhampar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Penulis akan mencari sumber yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Sumber yang didapatkan berasal dari naskah-naskah peninggalan Syekh Arsyad, kemudian hasil wawancara dari keturunan Syekh Arsyad dan seorang penggiat literasi ulama di Minangkabau dan tulisan-tulisan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Selanjutnya penulis akan mengkritik dan mengiinterpretasi sumber. Kemudian akan ditulis dalam bentuk skripsi pada tahap ini dinamakan historiografi. Dari hasil penelitian ini akan ditemukan yakni: 1) Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah diperkenalkan oleh ulama dari Batuhampar bernama Syekh Abdurrahman; 2) Surau Batuhampar sangat berperan penting dalam mengembangkan Tarekat Nasabandiyah pada masa itu; 3) Syekh Arsyad juga melakukan perjalanan ziarah, yang kemudian ia tuangkan dalam sebuah naskah bertuliskan Arab Melayu. Selain itu Syekh Arsyad juga mendapatkan ijazah tarekat dari ayahnya dan diangkat menjadi Mursyid sekaligus menggantikan Syekh Abdurrahman memimpin Surau Batuhampar 4) Syekh Arsyad memimpin Surau dan Tarekat Naqsabandiyah di Batuhampar hingga berkembang pesat, bahkan para pesuluk ataupun pelajar yang datang menimba ilmu agama bisa mencapai ribuan orang.

FARM LABORERS TOWARDS THE MIDDLE CLASS: THE AMAK AWAK GROUP IN NAGARI LABUAH GUNUANG KEC. LAREH SAGO HALABAN, WEST SUMATRA 1980-2015

Yuhasnil Yuhasnil — 2024-06-30

The emergence of farm laborers in Nagari Labuah Gunuang has been going on since early 1949. Their presence was related to the lack of agricultural production, which affected the economic survival of their families. From 1960 to 1966, the survival of the laborers' families was tested again. Women who were previously engaged in the domestic sector, then shared work with their husbands by doing labor. The method used in this research is the historical method which consists of heuristics (data collection), source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The purpose of this research is to see the activities and influence of the Amak Awak group in family resilience. The results of the research obtained that the women's labor group formed since 1980, then legalized as Amak Awak (2011) had an impact on the economic conditions of their families. They initially only worked in the agricultural sector, but also in animal husbandry. In fact, from their labor activities, they were able to buy 1 hectare of land, which they cultivated and enjoyed the results for the common good. They are no longer in the lower class, but have entered the middle class.

THE SACRED SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL WISDOM IN THE BASAPA RITUAL OF MINANGKABAU

Johan Septian Putra — 2024-06-30

The extraordinary enthusiasm of the people attending the Basapa tradition event was generally reasonable because they respected those who had contributed to spreading Islam in Minangkabau and again there were several sacred things attached to Sheikh Burhanuddin so that it became an attraction for pilgrims to attend the rituals carried out every year in the month of Safar. Basapa is a ritual in the form of a simultaneous pilgrimage at the tomb of Sheikh Burhanuddin in Ulakan. Although the cleric figure of Sheikh Burhanuddin of the Tariqa Syattariah congregation, at the Basapa event, those who attended were not only followers of the Syattariah congregation but also the Muslim community in general. The formulation of the problem, namely: What is the background of the development and procession of the Basapa ritual in Ulakan and why the Basapa ritual became sacred in Ulakan, so that it was attended by many people in general from various parts outside the province of West Sumatra. This type of research is included in qualitative descriptive research, as for the systematic series of this research, namely: data sources, data collection techniques and data processing and analysis techniques. The result of the research is that mass pilgrimages occur at the Basapa Ritual which is considered sacred to its followers. The resultant attractive-consolidative Basapa ritual provides reconciliation from various socio-cultural aspects, especially giving the value of cultural inclusiveness to Minangkabau Islam and the sacredness of local wisdom or local wisdom from the Basapa tradition initially based on a religious dimension, but in its improvement, it became a local convention which in the end became a single ethnic identity.

HISTORICAL CIRCULATION OF OTTOMAN TURKEY: FROM DYNASTIC TO REPUBLICAN SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

Muhammad Syihabuddin — 2024-06-30

This article explores the historical circulation of Ottoman Turkey, highlighting the significant transition from a dynastic system of government to the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The Ottoman dynasty, which was originally a vast and influential empire, underwent dramatic changes during the 20th century. The main focus was on the post-World War I period when radical reforms were implemented to address internal and external challenges. This analysis covers socio-political aspects, tracing the changes that overhauled the structure of the feudal empire into a modern republican state. The method used is by using a method of literature study or library research related to historical or other similar themes. Based on the theory of the History of Islamic Civilization. As for data collection analyzing historical texts, collecting relevant data, and describing them. The results of this paper reveal that: First, every Kingdom will inevitably experience triumphs and setbacks, for a civilization is inseparable from it. Second, Ottoman Turkey was one of the influential dynasties of world civilization, and it was also crowned as the heir to the Islamic caliphate. Third, the Ottoman Turks underwent significant changes in terms of culture, socio-politics, economy, and others. The setback he experienced led to the secularization of Turkey which began as a dynastic state or caliphate into a republic. This was none other than triggered by the political factors of power that were in the hands of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.